Huang ZM, Zang WQ, Yen TS . Cellular proteins that bind to the hepatitis B virus posttranscriptional regulatory element. Virology 1996; 217: 573–581.
Huang ZM, Yen TS . Role of the hepatitis B virus posttranscriptional regulatory element in export of intronless transcripts. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15: 3864–3869.
Donello JE, Beeche AA, Smith GJ, Lucero GR, Hope TJ . The hepatitis B virus posttranscriptional regulatory element is composed of two subelements. J Virol 1996; 70: 4345–4351.
Donello JE, Loeb JE, Hope TJ . Woodchuck hepatitis virus contains a tripartite posttranscriptional regulatory element. J Virol 1998; 72: 5085–5092.
Loeb JE, Cordier WS, Harris ME, Weitzman MD, Hope TJ . Enhanced expression of transgenes from adeno-associated virus vectors with the woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element: implications for gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 1999; 10: 2295–2305.
Xu ZL, Mizuguchi H, Mayumi T, Hayakawa T . Woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulation element enhances transgene expression from adenovirus vectors. Biochim Biophys Acta 2003; 1621: 266–271.
Zufferey R, Donello JE, Trono D, Hope TJ . Woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element enhances expression of transgenes delivered by retroviral vectors. J Virol 1999; 73: 2886–2892.
Moreau-Gaudry F, Xia P, Jiang G, Perelman NP, Bauer G, Ellis J et al. High-level erythroid-specific gene expression in primary human and murine hematopoietic cells with self-inactivating lentiviral vectors. Blood 2001; 98: 2664–2672.
Schambach A, Wodrich H, Hildinger M, Bohne J, Kräusslich H-G, Baum C . Context dependence of different modules for posttranscriptional enhancement of gene expression from retroviral vectors. Mol Ther 2000; 2: 435–445.
Johansen J, Tornoe J, Moller A, Johansen TE . Increased in vitro and in vivo transgene expression levels mediated through cis-acting elements. J Gene Med 2003; 5: 1080–1089.
Hlavaty J, Schittmayer M, Stracke A, Jandl G, Knapp E, Felber BK et al. Effect of posttranscriptional regulatory elements on transgene expression and virus production in the context of retrovirus vectors. Virology 2005; 341: 1–11.
Huang Q, Pederson T . A human U2 RNA mutant stalled in 3′ end processing is impaired in nuclear import. Nucleic Acids Res 1999; 27: 1025–1031.
Schambach A, Bohne J, Baum C, Hermann FG, Egerer L, von Laer D et al. Woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element deleted from X protein and promoter sequences enhances retroviral vector titer and expression. Gene Therapy 2006; 13: 641–645.
Popa I, Harris ME, Donello JE, Hope TJ . CRM1-dependent function of a cis-acting RNA export element. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22: 2057–2067.
Zaiss AK, Son S, Chang LJ . RNA 3′ readthrough of oncoretrovirus and lentivirus: implications for vector safety and efficacy. J Virol 2002; 76: 7209–7219.
Cherrington J, Russnak R, Ganem D . Upstream sequences and cap proximity in the regulation of polyadenylation in ground squirrel hepatitis virus. J Virol 1992; 66: 7589–7596.
Mogen BD, MacDonald MH, Graybosch R, Hunt AG . Upstream sequences other than AAUAAA are required for efficient messenger RNA 3′-end formation in plants. Plant Cell 1990; 2: 1261–1272.
Russnak RH . Regulation of polyadenylation in hepatitis B viruses: stimulation by the upstream activating signal PS1 is orientation-dependent, distance-independent, and additive. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19: 6449–6456.
Valsamakis A, Schek N, Alwine JC . Elements upstream of the AAUAAA within the human immunodeficiency virus polyadenylation signal are required for efficient polyadenylation in vitro. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12: 3699–3705.
Schek N, Cooke C, Alwine JC . Definition of the upstream efficiency element of the simian virus 40 late polyadenylation signal by using in vitro analyses. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12: 5386–5393.
Graveley BR, Gilmartin GM . A common mechanism for the enhancement of mRNA 3′ processing by U3 sequences in two distantly related lentiviruses. J Virol 1996; 70: 1612–1617.
Huang Y, Wimler KM, Carmichael GG . Intronless mRNA transport elements may affect multiple steps of pre-mRNA processing. EMBO J 1999; 18: 1642–1652.
Custódio N, Carmo-Fonseca M, Geraghty F, Pereira HS, Grosveld F, Antoniou M . Inefficient processing impairs release of RNA from the site of transcription. EMBO J 1999; 18: 2855–2866.
Mastroyiannopoulos NP, Feldman ML, Uney JB, Mahadevan MS, Phylactou LA . Woodchuck post-transcriptional element induces nuclear export of myotonic dystrophy 3′-untranslated region transcripts. EMBO Rep 2005; 6: 458–463.
Zang WQ, Fieno AM, Grant RA, Yen TS . Identification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a cellular protein that binds to the hepatitis B virus posttranscriptional regulatory element. Virology 1998; 248: 46–52.
Klein R, Ruttkowski B, Knapp E, Salmons B, Günzberg WH, Hohenadl C . WPRE-mediated enhancement of gene expression is promoter and cell line specific. Gene 2006; 372: 153–161.
Colicelli J, Goff SP . Isolation of a recombinant murine leukemia virus utilizing a new primer tRNA. J Virol 1986; 57: 37–45.
Robbins PB, Skelton DC, Yu XJ, Halene S, Leonard EH, Kohn DB . Consistent, persistent expression from modified retroviral vectors in murine hematopoietic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 10182–10187.
Adachi K, Konitzer P, Pang J, Reddy KS, Surrey S . Amino acids responsible for decreased 2,3-biphosphoglycerate binding to fetal hemoglobin. Blood 1997; 90: 2916–2920.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Soneoka Y, Cannon PM, Ramsdale EE, Griffiths JC, Romano G, Kingsman SM et al. A transient three-plasmid expression system for the production of high titer retroviral vectors. Nucleic Acids Res 1995; 23: 628–633.
Naldini L, Blomer U, Gallay P, Ory D, Mulligan R, Gage FH et al. In vivo gene delivery and stable transduction of nondividing cells by a lentiviral vector. Science 1996; 272: 263–267.
Malik P, Krall WJ, Yu XJ, Zhou C, Kohn DB . Retroviral-mediated gene expression in human myelomonocytic cells: a comparison of hematopoietic cell promoters to viral promoters. Blood 1995; 86: 2993–3005.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Malik P, McQuiston SA, Yu XJ, Pepper KA, Krall WJ, Podsakoff GM et al. Recombinant adeno-associated virus mediates a high level of gene transfer but less efficient integration in the K562 human hematopoietic cell line. J Virol 1997; 71: 1776–1783.
Krall WJ, Challita PM, Perlmutter LS, Skelton DC, Kohn DB . Cells expressing human glucocerebrosidase from a retroviral vector repopulate macrophages and central nervous system microglia after murine bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1994; 83: 2737–2748.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
